Batik is one way of making fabric. Besides batik can refer to two things. The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining part of the fabric. In the literature of international, this technique is known as a wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is a fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motifs that its uniqueness. Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering , technology , and development patterns and related culture, by UNESCO has been designated a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2 , 2009 .
The art of dyeing cloth with obstacles staining technique using night is one of the ancient art form. Discoveries in Egypt showed that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery of cloth wrapping mummies are also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia , batik similar technique is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara Period (645-794). In Africa , a technique known as batik Yoruba tribe in Nigeria , as well as the Tribe Soninke and Wolof in Senegal . In Indonesia , batik is believed to have existed since the Majapahit era, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all up to the early twentieth century and the new batik known after World War I , or sometime in the 1920s.
Although the word "batik" comes from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itself is not recorded. GP Rouffaer argue that the technique of batik was likely introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century, or to-7. [2] On the other hand, JLA Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and FA Sutjipto (archaeologist Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of areas such as Toraja , Flores , Halmahera and Papua . It should be noted that the region is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism, but known to the ancient tradition of making batik. [4]
GP Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri , East Java . He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting , so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding it. [4] Detailed carvings that resemble the pattern of batik cloth worn by the Prajnaparamita , the Buddhist statues of the goddess of wisdom from the East Java century -13. Detailed dress pattern featuring vines and delicate flowers similar to the traditional Javanese batik patterns that can be found now. This suggests that creating an intricate batik patterns can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.
Legend in the literature Malays of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin told Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of cloth with a pattern of 40 litter types of flowers on each page. Being unable to fulfill orders, he made himself the fabrics were. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the emperor disappointed. By some commentators, who? litter was interpreted as batik.
In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles . He became governor of Britain in Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel give a piece of batik earned during his visit to Indonesia to Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century that began to reach the golden age batik. When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik amaze the public and artists.
Since industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, batik is a new type emerged, known as batik and printed batik, while that produced by traditional batik techniques using a canting handwriting and night is called batik. At the same time immigrants from Indonesia to Malaya Fellowship batik also bring with them.
Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (particularly Java) since long. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living, so that in the past, batik work is exclusively women's work to finding "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into the field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik has the masculine lines as can be seen in shades of "Mega Clouds", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.
Tradition of batik was originally a tradition for generations, so that sometimes a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik motif could indicate a person's status. Even today, some batik motif tadisional only used by the family palace of Yogyakarta and Surakarta .
Batik is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia (Java) which is still there. Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Soeharto, who was then wearing batik at the UN Conference.
A variety of shades and colors of Batik is influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. But batik coastal absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders, and also in the end, the invaders. Bright colors like red popularized by the Chinese , who also popularized the phoenix pattern. European colonial nations also took an interest in batik, and the result is a style unknown before flowers (like tulips) as well as objects brought by the colonizers (buildings or horse-drawn carriage), as well as their favorite colors such as blue. Retain traditional batik s type, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, because usually each style has a representation of each.
Batik was originally made on material with white color made of cotton , called cloth . Today batik is also made on other materials such as silk , polyester , rayon and other synthetic materials. motif batik is formed with a liquid wax using a tool called a canting for subtle motif, or a brush to a large motif, so that the liquid wax to seep into the fibers cloth. Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the color desired, usually starting from the light colors. Immersion and then taken to another motif with color or black older. After some time the coloring process, which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax.
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